Boot managers are programs that load the Linux Kernel and even allow the choice of another operating system. The main Linux boot loader is GRUB and there are two versions. The first version is Grub 1 on Linux (legacy).
Shortly after the hardware tests carried out by
BIOS, the computer searches the boot sector of the active partition or Master Boot
Record – MBR a small software to start loading the operating system.
Most distributions are already
adopts GRUB 1 as the default manager. It’s flexible, functional, and powerful,
able to load operating systems such as Windows (9x, ME, NT, 2000 and XP),
DOS, Linux, GNU Hurd, *BSD, OS/2, and others.
GRUB 1 also allows
search for Kernel images over the network, via serial cable, supports IDE hard drives,
SATA, PATA and SCSI and has
interface aimed at the command line or menus. Supports systems without
remote disks and terminals.
As it has numerous resources, it will be presented
its basic use, enough for you to pass the exam, remaining as
suggestion for the reader to seek to delve deeper into its possibilities of use and
setup.
The disk device notation used by
GRUB 1 differs slightly from the usual one, so the names of the discs will always be
“hd”, followed by the disc number starting with zero, followed by the number of
partition, also starting from scratch.
See the comparative table:
Rating on Linux | Rating on Grub 1 |
/dev/hda | (hd0) |
/dev/hda1 | (hd0.0) |
Rating on Linux | Rating on Grub 1 |
/dev/hda2 | (hd0.1) |
/dev/hdb | (hd1) |
/dev/hdb1 | (hd1.0) |
/dev/hdb2 | (hd1.1) |
/dev/sda | (hd0) |
/dev/sda1 | (hd0.0) |
/dev/sda2 | (hd0.1) |
/dev/sdb | (hd1) |
/dev/sdb1 | (hd1.0) |
/dev/sdb2 | (hd1.1) |
/dev/fd0 | (fd0) |
There is no distinction between IDE and SCSI disks. Both
are referred to as (hd?) by GRUB.
Natively, GRUB does not support EFI in versions.
prior to kernel 3.30.
GRUB has a configuration file called
/boot/grub/menu.lt. Some distributions such as Fedora, RedHat, and Gentoo
prefer to use grub.conf instead of menu.lst.
This file is divided into Global parameters, which
affect GRUB and parameters that only have an effect on system images that
will be charged.
Let’s look at the global parameters:
Parameters that affect images only:
partitions;
THE GRUB 1
there are many options available. Here is a suggestion for the reader to read more about
this boot loader using the info grub command at the command line of
Linux.
Use:
# /sbin/grub-install partition options
This command installs GRUB 1 as a manager for
boot into the MBR of the first disk and create the /boot/grub directory. This directory
contains the files necessary for its operation.
The most common options are:
Below is an example file from menu.lst:
Timeout 30
default 0
fallback 1
color light-cyan/black white/blue
password my secret
password
title GNU/Hurd
root (hd0.0)
kernel /boot/gnumach.gz root=hd0s1
module /boot/serverboot.gz
title Linux 3.14.16
lock
root ( hd0.0)
kernel (hd0.0) /boot/vmlinuz-3.14.16 vga=6 mem=512m radisk=0
title FreeBSD 3.4
root (hd0.2, a)
kernel /boot/loader
title Windows 9x, ME, NT, 2000, XP
unhide (hd0.0)
rootnoverify (hd0.0)
chainloader +1
makeactive
root = (hd0.0)
setup = (hd0)
GRUB 1 also has a special shell that
accepts all options from the menu.lst configuration file and many others. IS
a powerful boot loader configuration tool.
Without a doubt, open source is being the greatest rival of companies that produce “proprietary” software.
Learn much more about Linux in our online course. You can register here. If you already have an account, or want to create one, just log in or create your user here.
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